Influenza
See also: Norovirus
Government Sites
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CDC: Seasonal Influenza
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides key facts and up-to-date information. -
Flu.gov
One-stop access to U.S. Government seasonal and other flu information. Includes a flu vaccine finder by zipcode. -
MedlinePlus: Flu
Links to information from various sources including prevention tips and treatment overview.
FAQs, Symptoms, Treatments
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Allegheny County Health Department: Influenza (Flu)
County updates and prevention tips -
WebMD: Cold & Flu Health Center
Is it a cold or the flu?
Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)
Is it the flu or the norovirus?
The norovirus causes inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines resulting in stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. It is often called the "stomach flu".
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CDC: Norovirus
Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States. Each year, it causes about 21 million illnesses and contributes to about 70,000 hospitalizations and 800 deaths. Norovirus is also the most common cause of foodborne-disease outbreaks in the United States. -
FoodSafety.gov: Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)
Noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (infection of the stomach and intestines) in the United States. Norovirus illness spreads easily and is often called stomach flu or viral gastroenteritis. This is different from Influenza. -
Mayo Clinic: Norovirus infection
Norovirus infection can cause severe diarrhea and vomiting and is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness in closed and crowded environments, such as hospitals, nursing homes and cruise ships, because it is highly infectious.
Influenza History
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CDC: Emerging Infectious Diseases
Below are some articles from the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention on previous flu outbreaks.-
Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 12, No. 1
This issue from January 2006 contains the following articles: Influenza Pandemics of the 20th Century, 1918 Influenza Pandemic: the Mother of All Pandemics, The Swine Flu Episode [1976] and the Fog of Epidemics
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Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 12, No. 1
- CDC Resources for Pandemic Flu
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The Great Pandemic
The Influenza Pandemic occurred in three waves in the United States throughout 1918 and 1919. Read about the pandemic in Pennsylvania. -
The American Influenza Epidemic of 1918–1919: A Digital Encyclopedia
The Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan Medical School investigated American communities that experienced extremely low rates of influenza during the infamous 1918-1920 influenza pandemic. One of those communities was the Western Pennyslvania Institute for the Blind in Pittsburgh.
Books on Previous Pandemics
Barry, John M.
Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague In History
RC150.4.B37 2004
Details the 1918 influenza epidemic which killed as many as 100 million people worldwide.
Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague In History
RC150.4.B37 2004
Details the 1918 influenza epidemic which killed as many as 100 million people worldwide.
Bristow, Nancy K.
American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic
RA644.I6 B75 2012
Between the years 1918 and1920, influenza raged around the globe in the worst pandemic in recorded history, killing at least fifty million people, more than half a million of them Americans. Focused on the primary players in this drama -- patients and their families, friends, and community, public health experts, and health care professionals -- historian Nancy K. Bristow draws on multiple perspectives to highlight the complex interplay between social identity, cultural norms, memory, and the epidemic.
American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic
RA644.I6 B75 2012
Between the years 1918 and1920, influenza raged around the globe in the worst pandemic in recorded history, killing at least fifty million people, more than half a million of them Americans. Focused on the primary players in this drama -- patients and their families, friends, and community, public health experts, and health care professionals -- historian Nancy K. Bristow draws on multiple perspectives to highlight the complex interplay between social identity, cultural norms, memory, and the epidemic.
Crosby, Alfred W.
America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918
RC150.1.C76 1989
Originally published as Epidemic and Peace, 1918 in 1976, Crosby was the first to bring the 1918 epidemic back into memory. Crosby is a historian and author of The Columbian Exchange.
America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918
RC150.1.C76 1989
Originally published as Epidemic and Peace, 1918 in 1976, Crosby was the first to bring the 1918 epidemic back into memory. Crosby is a historian and author of The Columbian Exchange.
Getz, David.
Purple Death: the mysterious flu of 1918
2000. This book, recommended for children in grades 3-6, takes its title from the skin color of the 1918 flu victims.
Purple Death: the mysterious flu of 1918
2000. This book, recommended for children in grades 3-6, takes its title from the skin color of the 1918 flu victims.
Iezzoni, Lynette
Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History
RC150.4.I39 1999x
Companion book to the television documentary "Influenza 1918" aired on PBS's documentary series The American Experience" in 1999. The companion website also contains a bibliography.
Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History
RC150.4.I39 1999x
Companion book to the television documentary "Influenza 1918" aired on PBS's documentary series The American Experience" in 1999. The companion website also contains a bibliography.
Kolata, Gina Bari, 1948-
Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It
RC150.4.K64 1999
Gina Kolata, science reporter for The New York Times, delves into the history of the 1918 flu and current efforts to identify the virus responsible for it.
Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It
RC150.4.K64 1999
Gina Kolata, science reporter for The New York Times, delves into the history of the 1918 flu and current efforts to identify the virus responsible for it.

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